RERERENCE IN ISLAM
QURAN, HADITH, IJMA’, QIYAS

FAEZ: There are four sources of reference in Islam, namely (1) the Quran, (2) Hadith, (3) Ijma’, and (4) Qiyas.

TEGUH: The content or sentences in the QURAN are Sayings revealed by Allah to Prophet Muhammad (saw i.e. salallahu alihi wa-salam). The Quran is Allah wording, and not that of Prophet Muhammad. It is the book of Allah.

AKHTAR: The Quran is the foundation on which all the other sources of reference based on. It is the absolute and final authority on the principles and laws of Islam.

MULIA: HADITH represents the Sayings and Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (saw). It illustrates the life of Prophet Muhammad and provides us with further insight to revelation in the Quran. It is also called as sunnah which refers to the practice of the Prophet Muhammad.

AKHTAR: Hadith was what the Prophet Muhammad uttered, his actions, his practice, or his response to questions with silence. Silent means the action is neither forbidden nor encouraged. The word Hadith, Tradition and Sunnah are all meaning the same thing.

FAEZ: When we quote a hadith, one will note that there is a long line of transmitters which reach right back to the Prophet himself or a Companion. This is a way of verifying what the Prophet said.

MULIA: Hadith were evaluated and gathered into large collections mostly during the reign of Umar ibn Abdul Aziz during the 8th and 9th century.

TEGUH: Don’t get confuse with Hadith Qudsi. The Hadith Qudsi derives its meaning from Allah. As to the wording, it is from Prophet Muhammad. Allah has communicated to Prophet Muhammad through revelation or in his dreams. He then conveyed it in his own words.

AKHTAR: Hadith Qudsi differ from the Quran is that the former were revealed in a dream or through revelation and are expressed in Prophet Muhammad’s words. Whereas the latter are the direct words of Allah.

MULIA: IJMA’ means consensus, that is, acceptance of a matter by specified group of people. A question arises and people express their views. Then there is discussion on these views, and finally a common position is agreed upon, in consensus.

FAEZ: QIYAS does not give rise to certainty. Law derived through Qiyas cannot be of same authority as that of the textual ruling of Quran or even Sunnah. The term Qiyas refers to analogical reasoning and categorical syllogism.